Help with college essay writing: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

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Friday, September 11, 2020

Tips On How To Write An Admission Essay Perfectly

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

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Friday, August 28, 2020

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

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Tuesday, June 2, 2020

UK and the European Union - Free Essay Example

BTEC Level 4 Professional Diploma in International Trade UNIT NO: 5UNIT TITLE: International Business ASSIGNMENT NO: 1 ASSIGNMENT TITLE: GB International UNIT OUTCOMES COVERED: 5.1 Understand how the UK is affected by being a member of the European Union. 5.2 Understand the international business environment and how cultural differences affect international trade. GRADING OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE Outcomes/ Grade Descriptors P5.1 P5.2 P5.3 P5.4 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2 D3 Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- DATE SET: 29/04/14DUE DATE: 18/07/14 STUDENT: ___________________________________________ OUTCOMES/GRADE DESCRIPTORS ACHIEVED (please tick) Outcomes/ Grade Descriptors P5.1 P5.2 P5.3 P5.4 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2 D3 Declaration of Authenticity Hand-in policy: You must present this assessment on or before the specified date. If you experience difficulties you must inform your unit tutor. Late work policy: Due consideration will be given to students who have good reason for late submission due to illness or other causes. The unit tutor has the right to examine students assignments by viva voce in addition to the assessments specified. Plagiarism: The college takes a very serious view of the use of unfair means to enhance performance. All sources used must be properly referenced in the text and listed in the bibliography. You must declare that this assessment is your own work when you submit by signing the statement below: Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…â€œI declare that this assignment is my own work. I am aware that plagiarism is a serious offence and the penalties severe.Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ LearnerÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name and signature:Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Date:Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Assignment Brief Scenario Countries throughout the world have become increasingly aware of the need to trade internationally. With such a global platform, it is important for businesses to take full advantage of the opportunities available. The enlargement of the European Union (EU) has enabled more countries to carry out trade. The BRICS (Brasil, Russia, India,China and South Africa) countries have added a new dimension to global trading. UK and most of the countries throughout the world have fully embraced this new international trading environment. However, businesses organisations in respective countries need to fully understand the benefits and problems that may arise as a result of international trading. Setting up a foreign office means expenses for staff, business taxes, utility bills and many other expenses, including travel. These costs can be avoided by if one exports without leaving home. Distributors and Partners handle the essentials in the destination markets and are offered all the help via telephone, internet, Skype and email without the need to travel and spend cash on staff in an overseas office. Sales can increase when not encumbered by high fixed cost expenses. This Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"armÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lengthÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ business model can work very well with enthusiastic distributors. WhatÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the secret of exporting without a foreign office? Your product needs to secure a 40 per cent price premium to cover third party distributor and shipping costs and the rest covers your UK based costs and profit. What if you donÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have a distributor yet? Go on the Internet, find someone in the trade and send them a link to your YouTube channel which explains your product. No bricks and mortar so this approach to exporting costs nothing but your time. Distributors will also want exclusivity but donÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give it formally. You should work on order per order basis and both parties can walk away. So there are Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" no stringsÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attached. Your local Chamber of Commerce branch has contacted you (as someone who is currently carrying out extensive studies in international trade) and asked you to produce a comprehensive document titled Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"GB InternationalÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. You will carry out research into UK and foreign businesses and analyse how these trade internationally. Note : This assignment covers Unit 5 Learning Outcomes 5.1 and 5.2 Tutor Notes Your assignment should be handed in by the deadline. This assignment must be your own work and original. You confirm that no part of this assignment has been plagiarised in any way. All sources of reference must be included using the Harvard System You will be expected to check spelling mistakes and grammar Tasks Task 1 Your first task is to provide the members of the Chamber with up to date information on EU and its impact on countries which are part of the Union. Carry out research into the past and current state of the EU. Describe the nature and purpose of the EU. Produce a presentation on this subject, which will be delivered to the members of the Chamber. The EU has in the past and is constantly bringing new Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"directivesÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Produce an up-to-date mini guide on EU directives which impact on UK domestic and international trade. Since its creation, the EU has seen a gradual expansion in its composition. Several East European countries have become members. Other countries such as Turkey are aiming to become part of the EU community. The expansion has various consequences on the member states. Write a report exploring the consequences of the expansion of the EU on the UK and other member countries. In your report, ensure you take into consideration the special interests of your local Chamber of Commerce members with regard to the EU. Task 1 covers assessment criteria 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 Task 2 International trading has led to different ways of carrying out business. The UK and countries around the world have embraced the new Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"globalisationÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ phenomenon. However, since countries have their own identities, it is not always easy to carry out business on an international level. Members of your local Chamber of Commerce have however, shown an interest in subscribing to Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"globalisationÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Create a series of posters that could be used during an open evening with a theme of Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"International trading, globalisation and emergence of multinational corporationsÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Carry out research into countries which are currently carrying out business internationally. Using illustrations and facts from your report, write a report on cultural differences and barriers to international trade. Task 2 covers assessment criteria 5.2.1, 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 Task 3 Refer to the report that you produce in task 1c. Following new member states joining the EU, European companies hope to benefit from this. Carry out further research exploring the opportunities of European companies. a) Amend your report from task 1c and add extra sections to describe the opportunities that you have identified for European companies. Ensure that members of your local Chamber of Commerce are able to understand the possible benefits of these opportunities. Task 3 covers assessment criteria 5.2.4 Translation of the general grading criteria to this assignment Outcomes 5.1 5.2 Pass 5.1 Understand how the UK is affected by being a member of the European Union 5.2 Understand the international business environment and how cultural differences affect international trade. Describe the nature and purpose of the EU Identify EU directives that impact on UK domestic and international trade Explore potential consequences (for the UK and other EU members) of the expansion of the EU Explore changes in the nature of international trading companies including globalisation and the emergence of multinational corporations Investigate the effect of cultural differences on international trade Identify the main barriers to international trade Explore how opportunities for European companies are increased as a result of the EU Merit Present and communicate appropriate findings M3 Information about EU and international business environment has been analysed and presented to members of the Chamber of Commerce in different formats. The style of presentation must suit different needs and audience. Analysed Information including facts and figures are clear, concise and coherent and address the needs of members. Distinction Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions D1 Careful evaluation and justification of information collected on EU and international business. An evaluation of EUÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s directives and cultural differences and how these impact on organizations planning to trade internationally. This must lead to accurate decisions made by members of the Chamber of Commerce. COLLEGE OF CENTRAL LONDON BTEC Level 4 Professional Diploma in International Trade UNIT NO: 4 UNIT TITLE: International Business ASSIGNMENT NO: 1 WILAWAN MCALLISTER ASSIGNMENT TITLE: GB International CONTENT TASK 1C Since its creation, the EU has seen a gradual expansion in its composition. Several East European countries have become members. Other countries such as Turkey are aiming to become part of the EU community. The expansion has various consequences on the member states. Write a report exploring the consequences of the expansion of the EU on the UK and other member countries. In your report, ensure you take into consideration the needs of your local Chamber of Commerce members with regards to the EU. Task 1 C) Write a report exploring the consequences of the expansion of the EU on the UK and other member countries. In your report, ensure you take into consideration the needs of your local Chamber of Commerce members with regards to the EU. REPORT To: Chamber of Commerce Members From: Wilawan McAllister Subject:The Expansion/Enlargement Of the European Union This report sets out the examine the history of European Union enlargement and the consequences of continued EU enlargement to the UK and other EU meneber states. European Union Enlargements The European Union (EU) was formed through the inclusion of member states, which began with the Inner Six, who formed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952. Recently, the EUs membership has grown twenty-eight and completed with Croatia who joined the EU in 2013. The EU has the potential to expand further with other countries interested in membership such as the Turkey, Kosovo and other former soviet union states. The map below shows the enlargements and potential future enlargements of the EU. Map of EU Member states and Potential Enlargement Member states Candidates: Albania, Macedonia (formal candidates), Iceland; Montenegr o, Turkey, Serbia, (EU entry negotiations) Potential candidates who did not apply for membership: Bosnia, Kosovo* (status disputed) and Herzegovina European Union Neighbouring Countries EU neighbouring countries including North Africa countries through their historic ties to European countries may in the future wish to have closer ties to the EU. The Treaty of Maastricht (Article 49), prescribes that any European country that respects the principles of the European Union has the possibility to request consideration for membership. Extending membership to non European countries is not mentioned, though an exception has already been made for Cyprus and has been seen by some for states as setting a precedent. EU Neighbouring contries are shown on the map below. Map of EU Neighbouring Countries European Union Official candidates European Neighbouring Countries Some non-European countries have different qualifications of integration with the EU specified by ag reements, which allow a certain amount of trade with the EU but do provide membership to the EU. Membership of the European Union To obtain membership to the EU, the country needs to follow economic and political condition which refered to as the Copenhagen criteria, that require stable political under democratic government and respect to rule of law, its corresponding freedom and institutions. Regarding to the Maastricht Treaty, each current EU member and the European Parliament must concur to any expansion. Regarding to the EU treaties, the EUs membership is open to any European State which respects its values and is committed to promoting them. The values include respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights, equality, which include the rights of persons belonging to minorities. The Madrid European Council has revise the membership criteria and included a condition for the member country integration to appropriate of its a dministrative structures in December 1995. It is significant that European Community legislation is reflex in nation legislation, it is important that the revise is implement effective through appropriate administrative and juridical structures. Given the conditions setforth for membership of the EU it is unlikely that the majority of non-european countries would be able to meet the requirements and therefore it is probable that the majority of EU neighbouring countries would not qualifiy for EU membership if this option existed. Continued Enlargement of the EU Enlargement of the EU has been one of the its most successful foreign policies, providing economic streght to the union and allowing political influence in countries whishing to obtain membership. However enlargement has been the subject of opposition from its inception with French President Charles de Gaulle opposed to British membership fearing that this would lead to influence from the USA. French President Franco is Mitterand was initially unsupportive of the Greek, Spanish and Portuguese applications for consideration for membership, fearing that the countries would not be able to meet the membership criterea and he feared that the EU would just become a free trade area. The pemise for establishment of the EEC and its initial expansion was generally considered to be soley economic. The second and subsequent enlargements were more political as well as economical and included inclusion of the southern mediterranean countries and former soviet bloc countries which had adopted demoracy which the EU whished to encourage. Due to the recent large enlargements to the EU, the general public sentiment of a number of EU countries including the UK has turned against further expansion. Consequences of EU Enlargement The world is increasingly and dividing into trade blocs. Economic powerhouses such as the European Union, and the United States, have each established trade blocs with neighbouring countries and deny trade access to rivals. Exporting countries in Asia Pacific have also established trading blocs which prodiminatley concentrate on agricultural products. Free trade zones and trade blocs have the potential to create increased trade between the member countries and this may be seen as a positive. Trade blocs however may create protectionist markets and may actually hinder international trade. The main reason for increasing the number of member states of the EU is to establish a larger market combined with economic stability. This will offer companies the opportunity to trade in a larger market and reduce the trade barriers currently faced between EU and non EU members by increasing the number of EU members. Currently, EU is considered to be the most powerful global trading union. The creation of the European single currency adopted by the majority of EU member states has led to closer economic links. Not all member states have signed upto the single curren cy such as the UK which does not see the benefit of the single currency. The EU has demonstrated protectionist policies with regards to agriculture, as it appears to hold the ideal that the EU should remain self-sufficient in agriculture and therefore imposes limits on agricultural imports from non-EU countries. The European Union Trade Flow:exports $813bn, imports $801bn.The potential to trade with increased number countries with trade barriers removed, may result in increased trade for the current EU member states with positive economic affects. The inclusion of further states in European single currency, which removes the risk of exchange rate fluctuation for the member states which adopt the single currency, may either stabilise or destabilise the EU single currency. In the current world financial situation destabilsation is probably more likely. Enlargement of the EU to neighbouring countries may encourage democracy and adherence to EU legislation in the neighbouring coun tries, which inturn may improve security within the EU. Enlargement of the EU to neighbouring countries would increase the number of migrant workers able to travel to the existing EU member states. This may enhance the skill pool within the EU or could potentially swamp existing labour markets. Given the current security concerns the enlargement of the EU and the free travel of it members may increase insecurity with the EU countries. The need for international trade: 1. The need for exchange of capital, goods and services. 2. Import and exports a significant share of GDP. 3. Industrialisation, advanced transportation, globalisation, multinational organisations and outsourcing influence international trade. 4. Importing and exporting goods from factors of production. 5. The effects of comparative advantage. 6. The effects of absolute advantage e.g. crude oil not available except by import. 7. Supply and demand factors. 8. Cheaper Imports Benefits to companies within the EU 1. The free movement of goods 2. The free movement of persons 3. The free movement of services 4. The free movement of capital. CONCLUSION Enlargement of the EU would potentially bring economic benefits to the UK and the current other EU member states. However enlargement may bring further immigration, instability to the EU single currency and potentially further insecurity to the EU. If the EU does not consider further enlargent then competing trading blocs will continue to be formed which may encourage protectionism and may result in a negative impact on international trade. To negate this the EU or individual member states may have to adopt individual free trade agreements with competing trade blocs. The findings of a British Chamber of Commerce survey of over 7500 companies concluded that UK businesses value free trade with other EU states. They are however likely to be sceptical or unsure about the current level of integration in the EU and if it is beneficial to their prospects. The BCC survey covered small, medium and large companies relating to their type of trading relationship with other EU member states. The companies surveyed when questioned on the type of trading relationship they would like with Europe, over 50% of the companies surveyed expressed no opinion. The companies which did respond, 51% of the exporting companies favour a Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"free trade areaÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Only 31% supported an Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"economic unionÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Over half (55%) of all companies which responded to the survey were unsure which trading relationship with Europe would be of most benefit to them. In summary it would appear that further enlargement of the EU would not appear to be favourable with British companies and free trade agreements with non EU countries would appear to be the preferred option. REFERENCE https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/press-office/press-releases/uk-businesses-wan t-more-free-trade-in-europe,-but-less-integration.html [accessed 4.1.15] https://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/blocsex.htm [accessed 3.1.15] https://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/blocsex.htm [accessed 3.1.15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union [accessed 9.1.15] created/updated by: Raouf Nobeebux MSc MBCS CertED DipRSA

Saturday, May 16, 2020

A Guide to the IB Middle Years Program

The International BaccalaureateÃ‚ ® Diploma Programme is growing in popularity at high schools around the world, but did you know that this curriculum is designed only for students in grades eleven and twelve? ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s true, but it doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t mean that younger students have to miss out on the IB curriculum experience. While the Diploma Programme is only for juniors and seniors, the IB also offers programs for younger students. The History of The International BaccalaureateÃ‚ ® Middle Years Programme The International Baccalaureate first introduced the Middle Years Programme in 1994 and has since been adopted by more than 1,300 schools around the world in more than 100 countries. It was originally designed to meet the growing needs of the students in the middle level, which roughly equates to students ages 11-16, at international schools. The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme, sometimes referred to as MYP, can be adopted by schools of any kind, including both private schools and public schools. The Ages Levels for the Middle Years Program The IB MYP is targeted to students ages 11 through 16, which in the United States, typically refers to students in grades six through ten. There is often a misconception that the Middle Years Programme is only for middle school students, but it in fact offers courses for students in grades nine and ten. Should a high school only offer grades nine and ten, the school may apply for approval to teach only the portions of the curriculum that relate to their appropriate grade levels, and as such, the MYP curriculum is often adopted by high schools that embrace the Diploma Programme, even if the lower grade levels are not offered. In fact, due to the similar nature of MYP and the Diploma Programme, the IBÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Middle Years Programme (MYP) is sometimesÃ‚ referred to as Pre-IB. Benefits of The Middle Years Programme Course of Study The courses offered in the Middle Years Programme are considered to be preparatory for the highest level of IB study, the diploma program. However, the diploma is not required. For many students, the MYP offers an improved classroom experience, even if the diploma isnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t the end goal. Similar to the diploma program, the Middle Years Programme focuses on providing students with a real-world learning experience, connecting their studies to the world around them. For many students, this form of learning is an engaging way to connect with materials. In general, the Middle Years Programme is considered more of a framework for teaching rather than a strict curriculum. Schools have the ability to design their own programs within set parameters, encouraging teachers to embrace best practices in teaching and cutting edge technology in order to create a program that best fits with the mission and vision of the school. A holistic program, MYP focuses on the studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s entire experience while providing rigorous studies that are implemented through varied learnings strategies. The Approach to Learning and Teaching for the Middle Years Programme Designed as a five-year curriculum for approved schools, the MYPÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s goal is to challenge students intellectually and prepare them to be critical thinkers and global citizens. Per the IBO website, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The MYP aims to help students develop their personal understanding, their emerging sense of self and responsibility in their community.Ã¢â‚¬ The program was designed to promote the fundamental concepts of Ã¢â‚¬Å"intercultural understanding, communication, and holistic learning.Ã¢â‚¬ Since the IB Middle Years Programme is offered globally, the curriculum is available in various languages. However, what is offered in each language may vary. A unique aspect of the Middle Years Programme is that the framework can be used in part or in whole, meaning schools and students can elect to engage in a few classes or the entire certificate program, the latter of which carries specific requirements and achievements that must be attained. The Middle Years Programme Curriculum Most students learn best when they can apply their studies to the world around them. The MYP places a high value on this type of immersive learning and promotes a learning environment that embraces real-world applications in all of its studies. To do so, the MYP focuses on eight core subject areas. According to IBO.org, these eight core areas provide, Ã¢â‚¬Å"a broad and balanced education for early adolescents.Ã¢â‚¬ These subject areas include: Language acquisitionLanguage and literatureIndividuals and societiesSciencesMathematicsArtsPhysical and health educationDesign This curriculum typically equates to at least 50 hours of instruction in all of the subjects each year. In addition to taking the required core courses, students also participate in an annual interdisciplinary unit that combines work from two different subject areas, and they also participate in a long-term project. The interdisciplinary unit is designed to help students understand how different areas of study integrate in order to provide a greater understanding of the work at hand. This combination of two different areas of learning helps students make connections between their work and begin to recognize similar concepts and related material. It provides an opportunity for students to delve deeper into their studies and find greater meaning behind what they are learning and the importance of the material in the greater world. The long-term project is a chance for students to delve into topics of study about which they are passionate. This level of personal investment in learning usually means students are more excited and engaged in the tasks at hand. The project also asks students to maintain a personal journal throughout the year to document the project and to meet with teachers, which provides ample opportunity for reflection and self-assessment. In order to qualify for the Middle Years Programme certificate, students much achieve a minimum score on the project. The Flexibility of the Middle Years Program A unique aspect of the IB MYP is that it offers a flexible program. What this means is that unlike other curriculums, IB MYP teachers are not constrained by set text books, topics or assessments, and are able to use the framework of the program and apply its principles to the materials of choice. This allows for what many consider to be a greater level of creativity and the ability to implement learning best practices of any kind, from cutting edge technology to current events and teaching trends. In addition, the Middle Years Program doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have to be taught in its full format. It is possible for a school to apply to be approved to offer only a portion of the IB. For some schools, this means only offering the program in a few of the grades that typically participate in the Middle Years Programme (such as, a high school offering the MYP only to freshmen and sophomores) or a school can request permission to only teach some of the eight typical subject areas. It is not uncommon for a school to request to teach six of the eight core subjects in the final two years of the program. However, with flexibility comes limitations. Similar to the Diploma Programme, students are only eligible to receive recognition (the diploma for higher levels and a certificate for the Middle Years) if they complete the full curriculum and achieve the required standards of performance. Schools wishing their students to be eligible for these forms of recognition must register to participate in what the IB calls the eAssessment, which uses studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ ePortfolios of coursework to evaluate their level of achievement, and also requires students to complete on-screen exams as a secondary measure of aptitude and achievement. A Comparable International Program The IB Middle Years Programme is often compared to the Cambridge IGCSE, which is another popular international education curriculum. The IGCSE was developed more than 25 years ago and is also adopted by schools worldwide. However, there are some key differences in the programs and how students from each assess their preparation for the IB Diploma Programme. The IGCSE is designed for students ages fourteen to sixteen, so doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t span as many grades as the Middle Years Programme, and unlike MYP, the IGCSE offers set curriculum in each subject area. Assessments for each program differ, and depending on a studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s learning style, may excel in either program. Students in the IGCSE often still excel in the Diploma Programme but may find it more challenging to adapt to the varied methods for assessment. However, Cambridge offers its own advanced curriculum options for students, so switching curriculum programs isnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t necessary. Students wishing to participate in the IB Diploma Programme typically benefit from participating in the MYP instead of other middle-level programs.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Conflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management

Conflict and conflict management both play pivotal roles in all relationships, whether they are between friends, family, lovers, or coworkers. However, while most relationships have an abundance of conflict, the amount of properly implemented conflict management in all relationships is relatively low. This is especially surprising when you consider the sheer amount of research and counseling directed at managing conflict in constructive ways. Though the aforementioned services and research are of extremely high quality, the people who would benefit from them the most are either entirely unaware of their existence, associate them a negative stigma, or simply don t have strong conflict management skills. I want to advocate the effectiveness of counseling programs available to help people in relationships resolve conflicts in a positive way, as well as explain some basic aspects of conflict management in a simple, easy to understand text. One such service with a negative stigma associat ed with it is relationship counseling or couples therapy. Too many people think that couples therapy is just an expensive way of extending a relationship by a few months, only to inevitably break up a few months down the line. But, contrary to what most people believe, the purpose of relationship counseling isn t to extend or fix relationships. While it is awesome when counseling achieves these things, the main goals usually consist of improving communication, teaching the, Ã¢â‚¬Å"win/winÃ¢â‚¬ conflictShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1772 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pagesopinion there will also be a chance for some form of conflict to arise. To resolve and manage conflict, any organization or personsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ must try to understand the causes, theories, approaches and strategies of conflict management. Resolving conflict requires a great deal of attention and thorough understanding in seeking resolution. In this review, conflict management will be explored in g eneral from different perspectives in light of how conflict effects teams or groups, workplace relationships andRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management And Resolution883 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesnegative association with conflict. Reflects poorly on the supervisor when there is conflict but in reality itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s only negative when the supervisor or employee, depending on the situation does not address the conflict. Unresolved conflicts can negatively impact not only the employees involved but also the company. Unresolved conflicts result in negative impacts not only to the individual but also the company. Focus on the problem, not the person. Sometimes the conflict will be reoccurring or unresolvableRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1164 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesThe most important point is that conflict in organizations is increasing as they become more complex, culturally diverse, and global. Conflict has been thought of as necessary at times to keep the wheels of progress turning. Therefore, concentration on conflict in organizations has went from strategies to try to eliminate it to managing it. One issue is training managers how to manage that conflict. Conflict can be detrimental or beneficial to the organization. In order to be beneficial, leadersRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management845 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesÃ¢â‚¬Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.Ã¢â‚¬ This is true because according to OÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. In the case of Nancy, perhaps she needs to undergo specialty training or classes about conflict management in order to improve their unitÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s dynamic or interaction. 2. Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you engage with conflict too early, there is a chanceRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1730 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesAccording to our textbook Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014), Ã¢â‚¬Å"interpersonal conflict is a fact of life and eventually all relationships experience conflictÃ¢â‚¬ (p. 218). Precisely how the conflict is resolved left up to the involved parties. I am credible because I participated in the following conflict with my mother, analyzed the conflict using the Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014) text, and then used the collected information to structure this paper. The central idea of this essay is that people with conflictingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management Styles885 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesConflict Conflict is defined as Ã¢â‚¬Å"a struggle or contest between people with opposing needs, ideas, beliefs, values or goalsÃ¢â‚¬ (Popovic and Hocenski, 2009, p. 15). As a manager or leader, you take on the responsibility as a problem solver. Thus,Ã‚ knowing how to resolve a conflict that respect each individual that is involved shows the ability to deal with conflict. Conflict management styles is being able to manage conflict in a functional manner (Satterlee, 2013). Ã‚ Ã‚ According to Satterlee (2013) theRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesprevious researchersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on Ã¢â‚¬Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Nigeria a Case StudyÃ¢â‚¬ is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (empl oyees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a Ã¢â‚¬Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreSolving The Conflict Resolution : Active Listening And Good Communication821 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pageshelp them resolve their conflict. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Arbitration is a time-tested, cost-effective alternative to ligation. Arbitration is the submission of a dispute to one or more impartial persons for a final and binding decision, known as an Ã¢â‚¬ËœawardÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Awards are made in writing and generally final and binding on the parties in the caseÃ¢â‚¬ (American Arbitration Association). The Communication Process Communication is one of the key elements of the conflict resolution process. The most of the conflicting situationsRead MoreDefine Functional Versus Dysfunctional Conflict in a Work Group and Explain How You Can Increase Functional Conflict and Decrease Dysfunctional Conflict.1426 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesConflict arises when there is some indifference among two parties. In any working group conflict is almost unavoidable. When most people hear the word conflict, they often tend to take the term in negative manner. Almost everyone perceives conflict to be a malefactor and that it often hinders the development process of any group. Although usually people think of it as a bad thing, conflict on the contrary can be a positive occurrence within a group to bring about change. Comprehensively conflictRead MoreBook Review on the Third Side by William Ury1007 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesstate-of-the-art book on conflict management and negotiation by well known negotiator and mediator William L. Ur y, an American National, who is world s leading negotiation expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate arena to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N. Ireland and many other places. He has also worked on the problem of how to prevent nuclear war as a consultant to The White House Crises Management Center. He received his

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Branding Strategy for Apple-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.What is the Apple brand Value Proposition? 2.What is the Apple brand Positioning? 3.What is the Apple Brand Strategy Vs Its Competitors?+ Is the strategy always consistent? 4.Does the Apple brand really provide distinct characteristics/benefits? If Yes, How does the brand work the differentiation to be perceived as different? Answers: 1.The value proposition ranges among various elements. One of the key value propositions is offering unique and distinctive experiences. All the Apple products are being built on believe that they will not just be the bunch of various updated features and technologies like their competitors (Osterwalder et al., 2014). Rather they are being offered as a simple to use and aesthetic device. Thus, the design being inherited by Apple in their products is unique and distinctive, which set them apart from their competition. Another value proposition being offered by Apple is the user experience. While, other competitors are more concentrating on enhancing the utility of their products, Apple is more into enhancing the user experience of their products (Kotler Keller, 2016). This enables the Apple users to have a distinctive image in the crowded market of electronic gadgets. All these value propositions help them to be a premium player in the niche market. 2. Low price The above positioning map of Apple is being created in order to define the brand positioning of them. Apple has positioned their products as a more aesthetic and lifestyle products rather than competing in the crowded market with offering more features. Moreover, Apple is being positioned as premium player targeted towards the niche market (Kapferar, 2012). Thus, according to the requirement and preference pattern of the top of the pyramid customers, Apple is being positioned as more lifestyle and innovative product than being a feature rich device. Figure: 2 The economic pyramid According to the above portrayal of the economic pyramid, Apple is being positioned for the top of the pyramid. Thus, they are catering to small amount of niche market around the world. 3.The branding strategy for Apple is different and distinctive compared to its competitors in the market. This is due to the reason that, the branding strategy of Apple concentrates more on emotions of the customers. They promote their products as a lifestyle product, which will be innovative along with having great aesthetic values. Thus, the products are being promoted in such a way that, brand personality of Apple is being promoted as lifestyle products rather than being a mere electronic device (Jian Wang et al., 2012). This also made the customers believe that owning any Apple products will enhance their social status and standard. Thus, the branding strategy of Apple is not limited to promoting the features of the device rather than associating it with the lifestyle of the customers. On the other hand, major competitors of Apple are more concentrated towards offering more features in their products along with offering the products in different variants. Thus, the branding strategy of the competitors is more products oriented rather than consumer oriented approach of Apple. The branding of the products of Apple is more concentrated towards the identifying the imagination and aspirations of the customers (Strebinger, 2014). The branding strategy of Apple has been evolved with time but the basic objective and approach remained same and consistent. This is due to the reason that, from the introduction of the first product of Apple, they are concentrated towards innovations and lifestyle branding strategy. Accordingly, they have introduced new products in the market, which will suit the current market requirements along with maintaining the basic objectives of branding by targeting the aspirations of the customers. 4.If the analysis is being by comparing the basic utilities of the products of Apple and their competitors, then there is nothing difference among them. However, still Apple as a brand provides distinctive benefits compared to their competitors. The first aspect of differentiation between Apple and others is the brand personality. For instance, if the customers are using the products of Samsung, then they will have the opinion that, they are using devices having updated features and latest technologies and having cost affordability. However, on the other hand, customers using the products of Apple will have the opinion that, they are using luxurious products, which will enhance their social status regardless of the features in the device (Ries Ries, 2002). Thus, Apple as a brand is deviating the brand personality of the customers from determining the basic features to determining the standard and social aspirations. In terms of pricing also, branding of Apple is differentiating them from other products. This is due to the reason that, during the initiation of the buying process, customers tend to relate the pricing of the products with their offered features and quality. However, branding of Apple motivate the customers to pay more price without determining the features of the devices. Thus, Apple as brand is making the product features and characteristics secondary. References Jian Wang, Y., Hernandez, M. D., Minor, M. S., Wei, J. (2012). Superstitious beliefs in consumer evaluation of brand logos: Implications for corporate branding strategy.European journal of marketing,46(5), 712-732. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Kotler K Keller, K., (2016) Marketing Management, 15th Global Edition Pearson Prentice Hall Chapter 10 crafting the brand experience. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., Smith, A. (2014).Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Ries, A. Ries, L. (2002).The 22 immutable laws of branding: How to build a productor service into a world-class brand. New York: Harper Business. Strebinger, A. (2014). Rethinking brand architecture: a study on industry, company-and product-level drivers of branding strategy.European Journal of Marketing,48(9/10), 1782-1804.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

MATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever Since Midas Lust For Gold, It

MATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever since Midas' lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbeck's "The Pearl" is a study of man's self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her son's endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the "Pearl of The World." she felt as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juana's husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a "sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought..." and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The fear that had mounted in Kino's body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. "It will destroy us all" she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had forgotten her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent enough to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before each medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services. Not once in his long career would he have dared refuse to aid a wealthy lawyer or noblemen. However when Kino and the group of money hungry peasants arrived at his door with a poisoned child he had refused them entry saying "Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for `little Indians'? I am a doctor, not a veterinary." for the doctor had known that the peasants hadn't any money. He had been to Paris and had enjoyed the splendors of the world, and therefore he wouldn't be seen dealing with the less fortunate as he knew that the less fortunate would surely always be just that-less fortunate. However it seemed that he had been stereotypical of the less fortunate, as he soon discovered when hearing of a great pearl disco vered by the peasants who had knocked upon his door earlier that day. A hunger for wealth was what pushed him to visit the peasants house and aid their destitute son. However he had already ended Coyito's life without knowing he'd done so, for if he had administered aid to Coyito when they were first at the doctors door, Kino would have no reason to seek his fortune in the ocean, and would not be led down the road to hardships. One might think that a doctor, one who has the image of being passive, and caring should not stoop to such a level. When one is down on their luck, chances are they will turn to superstition in hope to acquire what it is that they would want to achieve. A good example of this would be a good luck charm such as a rabbit's foot. In La Paz the peasants were uneducated and

Saturday, March 14, 2020

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland The Picts were an amalgam of tribes who lived in the eastern and northeastern regions ofÃ‚ Scotland during the ancient and early medieval period, merging into other peoples around the tenth century. Origins The origins of the Picts are hotly are disputed: one theory claims they were formed of tribes who predated the arrival of the Celts inÃ‚ Britain, but other analysts suggest that they may have been a branch of the Celts. The coalescence of the tribes into the Picts may well have been a reaction to the Roman occupation of Britain. Language is equally controversial, as thereÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s no agreement on whether they spoke a variant of Celtic or something older. Their first written mention was by the Roman orator Eumenius in 297 CE, who mentioned them attacking HadrianÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Wall. The differences between Picts and Britons are also disputed, with some works highlighting their similarities, others their differences; however, by the eighth century, the two were thought to be different from their neighbors. Pictland and Scotland The Picts andÃ‚ Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Romans had a relationship of frequent warfare, and this didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t change much with their neighbors after the Romans withdrew from Britain. By the seventh century, the Pictish tribes had merged together into a region named, by others, as Ã¢â‚¬ËœPictlandÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, albeit with a varying number of sub-kingdoms. They sometimes conquered and ruled neighboring kingdoms, such as Dl Riada. During this period a sense of Ã¢â‚¬ËœPictishnessÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ may have emerged among the people, a sense that they were different from their older neighbors that werent there before. By this stage Christianity had reached the Picts and conversions had occurred; there was a monastery at Portmahomack in Tarbat during the seventh to early ninth centuries. In 843 the King of the Scots, CÃƒ naed mac AilpÃƒ n (Kenneth I MacAlpin), also became King of the Picts, and shortly after the two regions together into one kingdom called Alba, from which Scotland developed. The peoples of these land s merged together to become Scots. Painted People and Art It is not known what the Picts called themselves. Instead, there is a name which may be derived from the Latin picti, which means Ã¢â‚¬ËœpaintedÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Other pieces of evidence, like the Irish name for the Picts, Ã¢â‚¬ËœCruithneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, which also means Ã¢â‚¬ËœpaintedÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ leads us to believe that the Picts practiced body painting, if not actual tattooing. The Picts had a distinct artistic style that remains in carvings and metalwork. Professor Martin Carver has been quoted in The Independent as saying: Ã¢â‚¬Å"They were the most extraordinary artists. They could draw a wolf, a salmon, an eagle on a piece of stone with a single line and produce a beautiful naturalistic drawing. Nothing as good as this is found between Portmahomack and Rome. Even the Anglo-Saxons didnt do stone-carving, as well as the Picts, did. Not until the post-Renaissance were people able to get across the character of animals just like that.Ã¢â‚¬

Thursday, February 27, 2020

The Final Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Final Solution - Essay Example The derivation of Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Final SolutionÃ¢â‚¬ can be witnessed in the period between 1939 and 1941. The fruition of this genocide was based on the religious disparity existing between the Jews and the Christians. In the 1939s the Christian leaders witnessed a failure in demonstrating Jesus as Ã¢â‚¬ËœMessiahÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ before the fellow Jews which indeed fuelled up the adversarial correlation among the two religious groups (Browning, C. R., Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942Ã¢â‚¬ ). However, the antagonism among these religious groups was witnessed long before the plan was factually determined, i.e. in the 1919 in which Adolf Hitler played a grave function. It is worth mentioning that he was the most evident personality who grounded the need to destroy the Jews from the country with his Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jewish QuestionÃ¢â‚¬ (McFee, Ã¢â‚¬Å"When did Hitler Decide on the Final Solution?Ã¢â‚¬ ). As he stated in 1919s in his letters, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jews were a race and not a religionÃ¢â‚¬ and that it was quite important for the European government to abolish this race in order to attain Ã¢â‚¬Å"national strengthÃ¢â‚¬ (Kershaw, Ã¢â‚¬Å"HitlerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Role in the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Final SolutionÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ). The ultimate execution of Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Final SolutionÃ¢â‚¬ was planned in the Wannsee Conference in the early 1942. Reinhard Heydrich, who was recognized to be the second in charge of the RF-SS of Himmler, coordinated around 15 Nazi bureaucrats belonging to the top level of the Nazi society in the conference which was held in Berlin. These Nazi leaders were affirmed to execute the plan to abolish a targeted number of 11 million Jews from Europe, which shall be instigated from Germany (Zapotoczny, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Final SolutionÃ¢â‚¬ ). Although the plan was instigated from Germany in 1942, it was extended to the added parts of Europe including Poland, Greece, Hungary, France and others. The plan came to an end in the year 1944. With the rapidly increasing number of deaths of Jewish people a rescue committee was set in Budapest titled as Jewish Rescue Committee. The committee proposed to settle a contract with the European government which stated that in return of large quantities of tea, coffee, sugar, war materials and other goods, the government would spare the lives of the rest 800,000 Jews left in Europe (Breitman and Aronson, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The End of the "Final Solution"?: Nazi Plans to Ransom Jews in 1944Ã¢â‚¬ ). By the year of the winding up of the plan in 1944, almost 5,933,900 Jews were annihilated by the Nazi leaders amounting to 67% of the total Jew population (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Estimated Number of Jews Killed in The Final SolutionÃ¢â‚¬ ). Undoubtedly, the entire act created a long lasting and profound impact not only on the social aspects of human lives, but also in the political, economical and military dimensions. In the 20th century, the rise of Nazi l eaders to sovereignty in the European continent headed towards the state-enforced racial discriminations. As a consequence, the economic environment of Germany, Poland and other nations of Europe had to witness terrific fluctuations. Several policies and anti-Jewish regimes were enforced in the period, such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"AryanizationÃ¢â‚¬ , Ã¢â‚¬Å"Night of Broken GlassÃ¢â‚¬ and others (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Ã¢â‚¬Å"The "Final Solution"Ã¢â‚¬ ). The consequences of the so called Ã¢â‚¬Å"

Monday, February 10, 2020

Impact upon the Merger Case between BRITIVIC and AG Barr Essay

Impact upon the Merger Case between BRITIVIC and AG Barr - Essay Example The main aim of this article is to analyze the case of the merger of Britvic as a strategy to compete with Coca-Cola and the various issues that arose post-merger. In the UK, carbonated soft drink market can be identified as tight oligopolistic market structure according to ShepherdÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s classification of markets but majority dominated by Coca-Cola with a 57% market. Britvic is one of Coca ColaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s rival in a position of the second biggest but only with 14% market share. Faced with the much stronger market position of Coke Cola Company, in 2013, Britvic announced the intention to merge with AG Barr, which has the third biggest market share by 4%, as one way of acquiring enough strength to compete with the Soft Drinks Giant. In response, the Office of Fair Trade announced the need to make a thorough competition analysis for the two companies to identify the possible impacts of the merger in the market. The merger between is a typical horizontals merger as both companies produce the homogenous product. According to Britvic, a merger will help the company to gain enough ground to compete with Coca-Cola which would reduce their dominance because horizontal integration in the industry would have the significant impact upon changing of the market structure. If the monopoly effect in the industry can be declined due to two small market share equipped companies combined to compete against the dominant company, the consumers will have a higher bargaining power and may have the opportunity of purchasing soft drinks at a cheaper price. However, the Office of Fair Trade identifies that the merger will result in the formation of two giants, which will reduce completion and the risk of hiked prices after the merger.

Friday, January 31, 2020

Marketing Strategies of Newspapers Essay Example for Free

Marketing Strategies of Newspapers Essay The newspaper market, like other markets have become competitive to the extent that survival requires a lot of creativity and innovation in the way the business is conducted. This is the situation in which the three major newspapers on the Zambian market, i.e the Post, the Times of Zambia, and the Zambia Daily Mail newspapers find themselves. Currently, the Post newspaper is the market leader with a market share of eighty percent (80%), the Times of Zambia newspaper and the Zambia Daily Mail, together with the rest of the other newspapers share the remaining twenty percent (20%). For this study, the focus is on three newspapers, The Post which is a privately owned newspaper and the Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail which are stated owned newspapers. The difference in performance amongst these three newspapers has also been reflected in the differences in the readership of the three (3) newspapers which is indicated below. Source: Synovate Research Center 2005 For any of these papers to gain competitive advantage and long term profitability, there is need to come up with a proper business approach. One such approach is a proper understanding and management of the common business parameters like the quality of the product, the pricing of the product, the distribution of the product, and the promotion of the product. A newspaper firm can then formulate appropriate differentiation strategies based on the above parameters which are commonly known as the four Ã¢â‚¬ËœPsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ of the marketing mix (Kotler, 2003:15). The discrepancies in the market share prompted the researcher to look at the business management aspect of the three newspapers, i.e.how they were applying and using the four Ã¢â‚¬ËœPsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ of the marketing mix. The aim was to determine how the three newspapers were utilizing the elements of the marketing mix in order to gain competitive advantage on the Zambian market. Essentially, this is a comparative study which looks into how the three newspapers were utilizing the marketing mix to increase their market shares. The study was expected to reveal the differences in the usage of the marketing mix and show whether this had a significant impact on the market shares of the three papers. This is not withstanding the fact that the performance of an entity is dependent on the various functional areas of business management. However, in this particular case, what was being put to test was the functional area of marketing, and in this case the application of the elements of the marketing mix. The liberalization of the Zambian economy in 1991 saw the emergence of various entities on the Zambian market. This included the print media. The Post newspaper is one such paper that emerged as a private owned newspaper. Prior to 1991, there were mainly two dominant papers, i.e. the Times of Zambia, and the Zambia Daily Mail newspapers. For this study, the focus was on one private newspaper, i.e the Post newspaper, and the state owned newspapers, i.e. The Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail newspapers. Currently, on the Zambian market, the Post newspaper is the market leader with a market share of eighty (80%) percent by far surpassing the Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail which fall into the remaining twenty (20%) percent. This poses the question of why should a newly born newspaper, i.e the Post Newspaper, out match the old newspapers like the Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail newspapers. Obviously, the market share has to do with the acceptability of the paper. And from a business management point of view, this acceptability is dependent on the paperÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s marketing strategies which are based on the marketing mix. Hence the reason for the research in this area. The history of each of the above stated newspapers is as follows: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢The Times of Zambia newspaper The Times of Zambia is a national daily newspaper published in Zambia. During the colonial period this newspaper was known as The Northern News. It was founded in 1944 as a twice-weekly newspaper aimed at a European readership, owned first by Roy Welensky and then by the South African newspaper chain Argus. Argus then sold the paper to Lonhro, under which it was renamed the Times of Zambia on 1 July 1965. Lonhro had just bought out Heinrich Brewery which had briefly operated a daily, The Zambia Times and weekly Zambia News. Criticism of the government under the editorship of Dunston Kamana in the early 1970s and the change of the government to a one party state led to the purchase of Times of Zambia by the United National Independence Party (UNIP) government who then appointed its own editor, Vernon Mwaanga, in 1972. When the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) came to power in November 1991, it went to court claiming UNIP had illegally taken over the newspapers. The courts found in favour of the MMD, and ruled that the papers ownership be transferred to the Zambian Government. The Times of Zambia is now owned by the Zambian Government. After the independence of Zambia in 1964, the print media was run by the private sector with Times of Zambia then been published by Lonrho and the name Daily then Central African Mail was run by Scott and Astor. In 1969 it was purchased by the ruling United National Party (UNIP) (Banda, 2004). In 1983, the newspaper industries along with most other industries were nationalized as part of governmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s humanism. The two newspapers were then turned into government companies and heavily subsidized by the government. In 1990, there was the introduction of multiparty government and an open, market Ã¢â‚¬â€œdriven economy. Privately owned newspapers were reintroduced and according to the National Archives (2003) 137 publications, both newspapers and magazines, were registered between 1991 and 2002. Most of the registered newspapers were either aborted or died soon after the first few issues. The cover price of the newspapers has remained the same in Zambia at K3000.00 with new newspapers coming in and offering a lower price and then failing to survive all together. The other sources of income for newspapers are through the advertising which has grown with newspapers getting more and more expensive. This case research is intended at studying the various marketing strategies used by newspaper companies in Zambia and how they can increase competiveness. My aim is to find out the current marketing strategies of the major newspapers in Zambia, namely The Post, Daily Mail, Times of Zambia, The Guardian and The Mirror. The purpose of the study is to understand the current marketing strategies and come up with recommendations to increase competitiveness in this sector. 1.2 Background to the study After the introduction of the multi-party system and the subsequent liberalization of the economy, in Zambia, in 1991, the country saw the emergence of various types of privately owned newspapers in addition to the two regular newspapers, i.e The Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail. In all, the mid 1990s, there were several privately owned newspapers in addition to the two regular state owned newspapers stated above. What transpired is that some private newspapers came and went, whilst the two state owned newspapers have failed to be competitive and increase their market shares, but they have survived through Government subsidies. However, one privately owned newspaper, the Post Newspaper, has continued to grow its market share and today it is the market leader in its relevant market. The question of interest to the researcher is to determine the type and effectiveness of the marketing strategies that the Newspapers are using to increase their market share in the relevant markets. 1.3 Research ProblemÃ‚ Since the Liberalization of ZambiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s economy in 1991, several private newspapers have emerged to join the already existing state owned ones. However, most of the privately owned newspapers have collapsed, and the two state owned ones are failing to increase their market, but are surviving on Government subsidies. But one private newspaper, the Post, has continued to thrive to become the market leader. There is still very little competition in this industry with only a few as newspapers surviving and one major newspaper The Post is getting 80% of the market share (Banda 2004). Given this background, the researcher wants to determine the type of marketing strategies newspapers use, and the extent to which these marketing strategies are effective. Consequently, this will help the managements of the newspapers to improve their marketing strategies so as to provide quality services to their customers, and thereby increase their market share and competitivene ss.